Air-flow ventilator



M. GREEN Nov. 30, 1937.

AIRFLOW VENTILATOR Filed Feb. 28, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 30, 1937.B. M. GREEN AIR FLOW VENTILATOR Fil ed Feb. 28, 1935 4 Shegts-Sheet 2Nov. 30, 1937. 5. Ml GREEN AIR FLOW VENTILATCR Filed Feb. 28, 1955 4Sheets-Sheet 3 Buria 11 Green 0 Nov. 30, 1937. w B; M. GREEN AIR FLOW,VENTILATOR Filed Feb. 28, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Barlow]! 'i eenPatented Nov. 30, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AIR-FLOW VENTILATORBurton M. Green, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Application February 28, 1935, Serial No. 8,744

ticularly to a structure intended and adapted for use upon steamships,motor ships and other vessels, to ventilate ships holds and other spacesand compartments, upon residences, warehouses, barns, or otherbuildings, upon moving cars or vehicles, and in fact in any connectionwhere it is desired to accomplish the supply or exhaust of air to thussecure circulation or insure ventilation or" a room, hold, building orany other compartment or space.

The primary object of my invention is to provide structure, takingadvantage of directed air flow forces, adaptable for use with an intakeventilator for supplying a flow of outside airdownwardly through aventilation tube, or stack or the like, or as an exhaust ventilator forinducing a flow of air outwardly through the ventilation .tube, or stackor the like, from a space or compartment to be ventilated.

Another object is to provide, with a tubular stack portion, air flowdirecting vane structure adjacent to the open end of the stack to catchtransversely moving air currents and change the direction of movementthereof to cause the currents to flow substantially parallel with theaxis of the stack, and accomplishing such air flow directional changewithout the use of any moving parts.

A further object of this invention is to provide a device of thischaracter that will operate by I the slightest movement of theatmospheric or surrounding air, either natural movement as the wind, orinduced movement, and which will ac complish a positive and forcefulmovement of air currents in either supply or exhaust, to thus secureventilation or circulation as may be desired.

A still further object is to provide a ventilator structure that can beattached or applied to or used with an ordinary shaft,'stack, pipe, orother ventilator tube, or can be directly mounted upon a deck, roof, orother covering to have a passage in communication with a hold, room, orother compartment or space, and which does not require either initial oroperating application of external power to accomplish operation thereof,the functioning of the parts resulting entirely from movement of theatmospheric or surrounding air, and only slight movement beingsufiicient for efficient operation. g

A further object is to so constructthe part that free and unobstructedmovement of air currents, to accomplish ventilation by either injectionor exhaust movement of air is permitted, and at the same time anefiective shield and guard'is interposed to prevent ingress of water,cinders or burning embers, burning cigarettes, and in fact substantiallyany and all matter heavier than air.

Still another purpose is to provide a valve or closure structure thatcan be readily operated, either manually or by the use of gearing orother actuating elements, and which thus permits ready and easy openingand closing of the ventilation passage, and with which the size of thepassage and consequently the flow of air either supplied or exhaustedcan be controlled and minutely regulated with greatest efliciency.

Yet another object and purpose of my invention is to obviate thenecessity for manual or mechanical adjustment of the ventilator, as mypresent structure will function with uniform facility and efflciencyirrespective of the direction of flow of the external air currents; inview of which, it is not necessary to make adjustments to face theventilator into the wind, from the wind, or otherwise, as is nowrequired with the horn or hell or cowl ventilators as commonly used onshipboard and in other like connections.

Yet a further object is to so construct the parts that counter currents,eddies, and other counter influences cannot react to disturb eficientfunctioning of the parts, and that the ventilator will functionefiiciently irrespective of the directional movement and the force andvelocity of the initial air currents, the air flow forces resulting fromthe structural features serving to accomplish a continuous flow of airin either the intake or exhaust adaptations.

With the above and other objects in view, which will be apparent tothose skilled in the art, my invention includes certain novel featuresof con struction and combinations, arrangements and associations ofparts, which will be hereinafter set forth in connection with thedrawings and then pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a view in side-elevation showing an air flow ventilator ofthe intake or supply type constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the structure shown inFigure 1.

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on line 3-3 ofFig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on line t 4i of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view showing an exhaust embodiment of myinvention.

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view through the adaptation illustratedin Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional View on line l-l of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view to better illustrate one of the vane orlouvre rings.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view taken.

transversely through one of the vanes adjacent to the large end of thevane carrying member.

Fig. 10 is a similar view through the vane adiacent to the smaller endof the vane carrying tor. the parts are illustrated as associated withmember.

Where open cowl ventilators are used on shipboard, or in other likeconnections, under even most favorable conditions and proper trimmingand attention, present structures are ineillcient to meet therequirements, especially for cargoes exuding excessive moisture such asjute, rice, grain, lumber and the like, for fruits and vegetables whichrequire controlled humidity and temperature, and for other conditionsand cargoes of perishable character or that are likely to be damaged orto deteriorate without constant controlled ventilation. When the usualcowl or horn or bell ventilators are employed, counter air currents setup by adjacent superstructures, bulkheads, houses, stacks, or otherparts and structures, and by the motion of the vessel, will often causeback drafts or other adverse air currents, and there is then noalternative but to trim or adjust the ventilator to thebest advantageduring favorable weather and trust that suificient ventilation may beaccomplished.

With spray coming over the decks, and with the-slightest precipitationof moisture, all ventilators of the above types must be trimmed back towind, and if the precipitation or spray becomes at all heavy, allventilator cowls," especially on forward and windward sides must beclosed with canvas covers, or the ventilation tubes or stacks must beotherwise closed to exclude moisture, thus completely shutting oil allpossible ventilation, either for supply or exhaust circulation. Whenventilation is shut off for any length of time in tropical regions, orwhere the air is highly humid, mildew, mold, rot and deterioration willset in and considerable damage will result.

While I have referred particularly to ventilation on shipboard, it isequally true that where unobstructed openings are provided upon a car orother vehicle, in a warehouse or other building, or in fact incommunication with any space or compartment, the slightest moisture willrequire closing of the opening to prevent damage to materials within thespace or compartment; and, at

the same time, open cowls and other open ventilation passages greatlyincrease fire hazards clue to the likelihood of ingress of burningembers, cinders, lighted cigarettes thrown from decks, and other matterthat might directly transmit fire.

With the above in mind, it is the primary purpose of my invention toprovide an air flow ventilator structure that will function throughslightest movement of the surrounding air, or through movement of theventilator structure with respect tothe surrounding air; and, which willcatch transversely moving air currents and change the direction ofmovement thereof to cause the currents to flow in directed lines withrespect to a ventilation opening, to thus create forced circulation ofair for supply and exhaust air flow ventilation.

In Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 I have illustrated embodiment of my invention ina ventilator structure adapted to supply ventilating air under pressure;and, in Figs. 5, 6 and '7 I have illustrated an adaptation suitable foruse as a suction or exhaust ventilator. As the description progresses itwill be seen and appreciated that the construction of the parts, and thefunctioning to accomplish air flow ventilation, is quite similar for useon either the intake or exhaust ventilator adaptations.

With the intake or air supply type of ventilaand carried by a ventilatorshaft, stack, pipe, or other ventilator tube I, which can be mounted inany desired manner and connected to be in communication with acompartment or other space to which air is to be supplied. A vanecarrying member 2, in the form of a frustrum, and preferably offrustro-conical shape, is preferably made of sheet metal or othersuitable material that will be of light weight and will yet givesuflicient strength to withstand forces and shocks of ordinary use. Inthe present instance I have shown this member 2 as made with a hollowwall 3 and a head portion 4 at the larger end, and the side wall of thefrustrum is made concave from the larger end 5 to the smaller end 6. Thehead portion-4 is provided with a central opening to receive the stackor column or pipe I, and a tower or'other suitable support I is providedto hold the member 2 in substantially the location as shown, so that thesmaller end i terminates slightly below the open top end 8 of the stackI.

' The member 2 has its frustrum'wall 3 concaved in such manner as toterminate and merge, at the smaller end, substantially tangentially intoa line approximating the outerwall of the stack I. As the member 2remains stationary or fixed upon the stack I, it may be found desirableand necessary to provide fastenings', such as bolts, screws or the like,to secure the member 2 against rotational movement or shifting upon .theshaft I. One possible form of such fastening is illustrated at 9, inFig. 2.

On the outer side of the frustrum wall 3, I provide a plurality of airdeflecting vanes I0, and these vanes are perhaps preferably all ofsubstantially the same general form and are mounted to follow ordescribe helical courses around the concave wall 3. Each vane I0 ispreferably made somewhat flat and is disposed to extend substantiallyradially with respect to the frustrum form, adjacent to the larger endthereof, as is shown in Fig. 9, and the vane is curved or rolled overand is gradually involuted, as it recedes and approaches the smaller endof the frustrum, the vanes toward the smaller end being thus rolled overor shaped to provide a distinct substantially right-angularly extendingturned flange, substantially as illustrated in Fig. 10. Each vane I0 isformed to provide a pocket or flange gradually increasing in height asthe vane recedes from the larger end of the frustrum spirally toward thesmaller end, and thus each vane is gradually and continuously givengreater involution toward the smaller end of the frustrum, which is ineifect the air flow discharge end, and lateral air currents contactingwith the frustrum surface will be directed against the flatter portionof each vane I 0 adjacent to the larger end and will be deflected on thefrustrum concave surface along each inflected air vane and carried todischarge from the sharply involuted portion of the vane adjacent to thesmaller end of the frustrum. In this manner, substantially horizontallymoving air forces are diverted at an angle upwardly and rearwardly, witha twisting and receding travel to be discharged in lines sub stantiallyparallel with the axis of the stack I.

It has been found that air forces moving in a horizontal plane, whendiverted by vanes I0 disposed at an angle of substantially forty fivedegrees double their force of movement with increasing velocity, and dueto the proportion of the surface of the concave frustrum and the widthof the air vanes spaced upon its surface a strong current and force ofair is directed substantially concentrically around the open end '8 ofthe shaft I.

As it is desired to inject or introduce this air into the open end 8 ofthe stack, I provide a hood I I on the upper end of the stack I toconfine the air as accumulated by and directed from the frustrum. Thishood II has the top I2 thereof provided with an opening suflicientlylarge to give free and complete access to the open end 8 of the stack,and to the interior of the hood II, and a closure plate I3 is providedto be bolted, or otherwise removably secured over the opening in the topI2. The side wall of thehood II is preferably of substantially angularform and diagonally disposed brackets I4 are provided to mount the hoodsubstantially concentrically around the open top end 8 of the stack I. Abottom wall I5 is provided to close the hood II on itslower side, andthis bottom wall I5 is stopped at its inner edge to be somewhat spacedfrom the adjacent wall of the stack I, to thus provide an annular airintake or supply passage I6 concentrically around the stack I anddirectly in line with the flow path of air discharged from the vanesII).

A deflector ring I1 is carried around the stack I adjacent to thesmaller end of the frustrum 2, to substantially fill across the annularair intake .space at I6, and as is shown in Fig. 8, this ring has outerand inner walls I8 and I9 disposed in concentric arrangement, with thedeflector vanes or louvres 20 mounted between these ring portions I8 andI9 and disposed diagonally and angularly with respect to the axis of therings I8 and III. This deflector ring structure, being disposed posedvanes or louvres 26 are so arranged that direct access of water,cinders, burning embers, and in fact substantially any material ormatter heavier than air is guarded against and is substantiallyprecluded. To further guard against the possibility of water, as fromthe wash of spray or waves when the ventilator is used on a vessel,finding its way into the open end 8 of the stack I, it may be founddesirable to provide an outstanding flange 2| around the open upper end8 of the'stack, and thus any particles of water or other matter that mayinadvertently pass through the deflecting ring structure I] will bepositively precluded direct access to the open end 8 of the stack, andwill be deflected downwardly toward the bottom I5 of the hood.

As moisture may collect within the hood II, from condensation or fromother causes, it is perhaps preferable that the bottom wall I5 beinclined downwardly in substantially the form of the frustrum of a flatcone, from the annular opening I 6 to the side wall II, and then anymoisture that may collect will be drained downwardly and outwardly awayfrom the intake or air supply opening at I6, and will be eventuallydischarged through drain holes 22.

The hood II is made of suflicient height to provide an air collectingchamber above the open end 8 of the stack I, and the diagonalinclination and disposition of the mounting brackets I4 will furtherinsure upward travel of the injected air coming through the annularopening or passage I6, so that this air will be directed upwardly toaccumulate within the top of the hood and will then be forced, underconsiderable pressure,

downwardly through'the open top end -6 of the stack I.

The closure plate I3 has an internally threaded plate or bracket 23mounted preferably substantially axially above or in line with the stackI, and a threaded shaft 24 fitted through the threaded opening of thisplate 23 carried a valve or closure member 25 at its inner end adaptedto be moved toward and from the open end 8 of the stack I, as thethreaded rod 24 is manipulated through the medium of hand-wheel 26,through gearing or through any other actuating mechanism or arrangement.The valve or closure member 25 can be tightened down to completely closethe opening 8, and can be adjusted to give any desired clearance orseparation from the opening to thus regulate and vary the amount of airpermitted to pass through the open end 8 and consequently to flowthrough the stack I.

This improved intake or air supply air flow ventilator structure can befitted upon or associated with any stack, pipe, or other member, and thehorizontal forces of air resulting from natural movements and aircurrents, or from movement of a vessel or vehicle on which theventilator is carried, will be accumulated and directed by the structureno matter from what direction the forces may approach or originate. Asthe frustrum'carries the vanes on all parts of its surface, and allportions of the frustrum are thus rendered equally effective, it isnever necessary .to take into account the direction from which thehorizontal air currents strike the ventilaton and no adjustments ormanual attention or manipulation will be required in any way or for anyDur- .pose. As the horizontal forces strike on one side of the frustrumthey are accumulated by the vanes and carried in receding and upwardlydirected helical courses to be discharged around a considerable portionof the annular intake opening I6, and the deflector ring I 'I willpositively preclude the entrance of water, burning embers, or othermaterial or matter substantially heavier than air. At the same time,this deflector ring structure II guards against outflow of air and aidsin accomplishment of a forceful ventilating stream of intake air flowthrough the open end 8 and downwardly through the" stack I.

It has been found that the vanes Ill are ad-, vantageously set ordisposed at substantially a forty-five degree angle, and the vanes ofthe deflector ring or intake collar I1 are perhaps advantageously set ata flfty degree angle, the diagonally disposed hood mounting brackets Mbeing also perhaps preferably of angular disposition substantiallycorresponding to the disposition of'the vanes or louvres of the ring II.

With this construction, the vanes or louvres of the deflector ring orintake collar I'I direct the inflow-air upwardly into the hood II, andretain the air inside of the hood. This causes continuous up pressure ofinflowing air currents around the stack I within the hood, and the sidewalls and the top confine this air under pressure to be directed underpressure through the open end 8 and through the stack I.

With the exhaust ventilator adaptation, the parts and effectivestructures are somewhat similar, but the association and assembly mustbe varied to accomplish suction forced within the exhaust stack 21 todraw airupwardly and outwardly through the open top 28 thereof. The vanecarrying member 29, having its frustrum wall substantially similar tothe wall of the member 2, and having vanes 30 thereon, similar to-vanesI0, is mounted around the open upper end 28 of the stack 21. The outerwall orshell portion 3| of the vane carrying member 29 is made at itssmaller end of sufflcient size to provide an air exhaust space betweenthis wall 3| and the wall of the stack 21, and mounting brackets 32 areprovided to support and carry this wall 3| around the stack 21 so thatthe exhaust opening 33 is of substantially annular form. The upperlarger end of the frustrum vane carrying member 29 has a top closureportion 34 provided with a central opening to give access to theinterior, and a cover plate 35 is bolted or otherwise removabiysecuredin place to close this opening. Bearing or mounting plate 36 hasan internally screw threaded opening to receive the threaded shaft 31 bywhich the valve or closure member 38 is carried, and a hand wheel 39, orother suitable actuating means, can be provided for manipulation of thisthreaded shaft 31 to open and close and to regulate the position of theclosure member 38.

With this adaptation, the horizontally moving air currents striking theconcaved outer wall of the frustrum from any direction will be caught bythe vanes 30 on the wall thereof and will be directed with an air flowmovement downwardly and rearwardly to obtain increased velocity andguard against ingress of water, burning embers,

or other material or matter.

While the structure as above set forth will function to direct initiallyhorizontally flowing air currents to discharge downwardly andsubstantially concentrically around the air exhaust passage 33, and asiphonic action will be accomplished to draw air from a ship hold orother compartment or space upwardly through the stack 21 and thendischarge this air through the passage 33, the exhaust force of the airflow .air currents can be increased by maintaining the directionalmovement thereof. With this in mind, I provide around the lower end ofthe vane carrying member 29, a deflector rim 42 which has a plurality ofsubstantially radially extending vanes 43 therein. This deflector rim isof sufficient diameter to encompass the discharge ends of the vanes 30,and also the deflector ring structure 40, and consequently the air flowair currents and the exhaust air currents will be directed tosimultaneously flow in lines substantially parallel with the axis of thestack.

The deflector rim 42 can have its outer wall 44 made of substantiallyfrustrum form and also concaved, somewhat similar to the formation ofthe frustrum wall of the vane carrying member 29, and thus horizontallymoving air currents striking this wall 44 of the deflector rim 42 willbe deflected downwardly and creation of counter eddies and dead airspaces within the discharge area will be precluded.

In the present instance I have shown a collar 45 on the shaft, stack,tube or other member 21 in substantially concentric arrangement servingto support the parts in the desired association and assembly andposition for use, but it is to be understood that other means might beemployed.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided a concavefrustrum to be associated with a stack or other member used for intakeor exhaust ventilation, which frustrum has inflected vanes and otherappurtenances to facilitate the natural flow of air to effect internalpressure Within the stack or shaft, thus causing inflow or exhaustcurrents, depending upon the particular mounting and assembly of thevane carrying frustrum. Also, it will be seen that this ventilator isfireproof against sparks, cinders, buming embers or the like, from smokestacks, galley stacks and other sources, and against burning cigarettesor the like thrown from decks; that the ventilator is water proofagainst rain and variable rain squalls, heavy sprays and heavy seaswhich frequently necessitate unshipping, or covering or closingventilator cowls, which often require attention at night with presenttypes of ventilators and involve precarious undertaking in exposing mento injury from falling from or striking against ventilator cowls movingin a heavy sea; which require no trimming or adjustment or canvas orother covers; and, which ventilator structures, both intake and exhaust,can be readily closed and opened for regulating ventilation and willsave considerable time with increased efficiency, when being opened andclosed for fumigation of the compartments of a vessel, or for otherpurposes.

While I have herein shown and described only certain embodiments andadaptations, and have set forth only certain possible uses of both theintake and the exhaust ventilators, it will be appreciated that manychanges can be made in the form, construction, arrangement, assembly,use, association and adaptation of the parts, without departing from thespirit and scope of my invention.

I claim:

1. An air flow ventilator comprising, with a tubular stack, vanescarried around the outside of the stack adjacent to the open end thereofand formed to catch transversely moving air currents and change thedirection of movement thereof to cause the currents to flowsubstantiaily parallel with the axis of the stack, and deflector vanesdisposed in a path of direct communication to the open end of the stack.

2. An air flow ventilator comprising, with a tubular stack, vanescarried around the outside of the stack adjacent to the open end thereofand formed to catch transversely moving air currents and change thedirection of movement thereof to cause the currents to flowsubstantially parallel with the axis of the stack, deflector vanesdisposed in line with the air flow discharge from the first mentionedvanes, and a hood to confine the air as discharged.

3. A ventilator comprising, with a tubular stack, a frustro-conicalmember carried adjacent to the open end of said stack and havingsubstantially helically disposed vanes on its outer surface to directair currents to cause circulation of air through the open end of thestack, and louvre vane structure disposed in the air flow pathcommunicating with the open end of the stack to guard against ingress ofwater and fire and the like.

4. A ventilator comprising, with a tubular stack, a frustro-conicalmember carried adiaof air through the open end of the stack, a hood toaccumulate the air supplied from the vanes to direct the same to flowunder pressure through the open end of the stack, and means to close theopen end of the stack and adjustable to vary the degree of opening.

6. A ventilator comprising, with a tubular stack, a frustro-conicalmember carried adjacent to the open end of said stack and havingsubstantially helically disposed vanes on its outer surface to directair currents to cause circulation of air through the open end of thestack, a closure for the upper end of the member, said member beingspaced sufliciently from the stack to provide air discharge clearance,and the air currents as directed by the vanes serving to createsuctional forces through the air discharge space to thus set up airexhaustive currents through the open end of the stack, and means toclose the open end of the stack and adjustable to vary the degree ofopening.

7. A ventilator comprising, with a tubular stack having its upper endopen, a substantially frustroconical member carried around the open endof the stack and having the small end thereof disposed upwardly, aplurality of helically extending vanes carried on the outer face of thefrustrum to catch laterally moving air currents and direct the same todischarge at the small end of the frustrum, hood structure enclosing thedischarge end of the frustrum and the open end of the stack, anddeflecting vane members interposed in the path of movement of the air asdischarged from the vanes on the frustrum member.

8. A ventilator comprising, with an upstanding tubular stack having itsupper end open, a frustro-conical shell member carried in spaced andsubstantially concentric arrangement around the upper end of the stackwith the large end of the frustrum disposed upwardly, said frustrumbeing closed at its upper end and being spaced from the stack at itslower end sufiiciently to provide an air discharge passage, a pluralityof helically disposed vanes on the outer surface of the frustrum memberdisposed and formed to catch laterally moving air currents and directthe same to flow downwardly around the air exhaust space between thestack and the frustrum to thus create suction forces to draw air fromthe open end of the stack, and deflector vane structure interposed toclose direct access from the outside to the open end of the stack andyet permit free exhaust movement of air therefrom.

9. A ventilator comprising, with an upstanding tubular stack having itsupper end open, a frustro-conical shell member carried in spaced andsubstantially concentric arrangement around the upper end of the stackwith the large end of the frustrum disposed upwardly, saidfrustrum beingclosed at its upper end and being spaced from the stack at its lower endsufficiently to provide an air discharge passage, aplurality ofhelically disposed vanes on the outer surface of the frustrum memberdisposed and formed to catch laterally moving air'currents and directthe same to flow downwardly around the air exhaust space between thestack and the frustrum to thus create suction forces to draw air fromthe open end of the stack, vane means to direct the flow of air asdischarged from the helical vanes on the frustrum, and means carried bythe top of the frustrum to close and to vary the size of opening of theopen end of the stack.

10. A ventilator of the type in which ventilating air currents areinduced by external air currents without the use of moving partscomprising,

ing air currents are induced by external air currents without the use ofmoving parts comprising, a substantially conical member having a plural--ity of spaced vanes extending generally spirally around its outersurface and projecting therefrom, each vane being curved in crosssection with the conc'ave side toward the narrower end of the flaredmember and having its cross sectional curvature decreased along thelength of the vane away from the end, and a hood structure around thenarrower end of the flared member into which air currents directed bythe vanes are discharged.

12. A ventilator of the type in which ventilating air currents areinduced by external air currents without the use of moving partscomprising, a substantially conical member having a plurality of spacedvanes extending generally spirally around its outer surface andprojecting therefrom, each vane being curved in cross section with theconcave side toward the narrower end of the flared member and having itscurvature decreased along the length of the vane away from the end, anddeflector vanes disposed in the path of air currents directed from saidvanes.

13. An air flow ventilator comprising, with a tubular stack, asubstantially frustro-conic'al member carried around the open end of thestack, and a plurality of spaced vanes extending generally spirallyaround the outer surface of said member and projecting therefrom,each'rane being curved in cross section with the concave side toward thenarrower end of the flared member and having its cross sectionalcurvature decreased along the length of the vane away from that end.

14. An air flow ventilator comprising, with a tubular stack, asubstantially frustro-conical member carried around the open end of thestack, a plurality of spaced vanes extending generally spirally aroundthe outer surface of said member and projecting therefrom, each vanebeing curved in cross section with the concave side toward the narrowerend of the flared member and having its curvature decreased along thelength of the vane away from that end, and deflector vanes disposed inthe path of air currents discharged from said concave spirally disposedvanes.

BURTON M. GREEN.

